New Hampshire
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State flag
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NEW HAMPSHIRE,
one of the New England states of the U.S., bordered on the
N by QuÉbec Province, Canada; on the E by Maine and the
Atlantic Ocean; on the S by Massachusetts; and on the W by Vermont.
The Connecticut R. forms almost all the W border; Halls Stream forms
part of the NW boundary.
New Hampshire entered the Union on June 21, 1788, as the ninth
of the 13 original states. Manufacturing and services (including
tourism) are the leading industries. The state’s name is
taken from that of the English county of Hampshire. U.S. President
Franklin Pierce was born in New Hampshire. New Hampshire is known
as the Granite State.
| NEW HAMPSHIRE STATE FACTS |
| DATE OF STATEHOOD: |
June 21, 1788; 9th state |
| CAPITAL: |
Concord |
| MOTTO: |
Live free or die |
| NICKNAME: |
Granite
State |
| STATE SONG: |
“Old New Hampshire” (words by John F. Holmes; music by Maurice Hoffmann) |
| STATE TREE: |
White birch |
| STATE FLOWER: |
Purple lilac |
| STATE BIRD: |
Purple finch |
| POPULATION (2000 census): |
1,235,786; 41st among the states |
| AREA: |
24,219 sq km (9351 sq mi); 46th largest state;
includes 988 sq km (381 sq mi) of inland water |
| COASTLINE: |
21 km (13 mi) |
| HIGHEST POINT: |
Mt. Washington, 1917 m (6288 ft) |
| LOWEST POINT: |
Sea level, at the Atlantic coast |
| ELECTORAL VOTES: |
4 |
| U.S. CONGRESS: |
2 senators; 2 representatives |
| GOVERNOR: |
Craig Benson (Rep.) Took office January 2003 |
New Hampshire is roughly triangular in shape and has a maximum
length of about 290 km (about 180 mi) from N to S and a maximum
width of about 150 km (about 93 mi) from E to W. The state occupies
24,219 sq km (9351 sq mi), the 46th largest area among the 50 states;
13% of the land area is owned by the federal government.
Elevations range from sea level, along the Atlantic Ocean, to 1917
m (6288 ft), atop Mt. Washington, the highest peak of the northeastern
U.S. The approximate mean elevation of the state is 305 m (1000
ft). New Hampshire has a tidal shoreline of 211 km (131 mi). Three
of the rocky Isles of Shoals, in the Atlantic, are part of the state.
New Hampshire can be divided into three major geographic regions.
The smallest of these is the Seaboard Lowland, a coastal plain in
the SE, which includes sand beaches on the Atlantic. The largest
region of the state is made up of a section of the New England Upland,
which combines rolling hills with an abundance of lakes and ponds.
This terrain is occasionally broken by outcroppings of more resistant
metamorphic rock that rise well above the surrounding peneplain.
These rock hills are named monadnocks after Mt. Monadnock, which
is located in the SW. Other monadnocks in the state are Mt. Sunapee,
Mt. Cardigan, and Mt. Kearsarge.
In the N part of New Hampshire is the region of the rugged
White Mts., which includes the Presidential Range. Most of the rock
in this area is either granite or granite-related syenite and monzonite
of the Devonian geologic period. As is true in other parts of the
state, the most fertile soil is located in the river valleys. Some of
the most interesting features of the White Mts. are the mountain
gaps known as notches. Franconia Notch has been long known for the Old Man of the Mountain; a stone formation resembling the shape of an old man; the 12-m (40-ft) high profile, immortalized in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s story "The Great Stone Face," collapsed in May 2003.
New Hampshire is drained by five major rivers. The Merrimack
R., which has the largest drainage basin, flows S into Massachusetts.
New Hampshire’s longest river is the Connecticut R., which
rises in a string of lakes at the extreme N end of the state. Smaller
rivers are the Androscoggin and Saco, which rise in the E White
Mts. and flow into Maine, and the Piscataqua, which flows into the
Atlantic.
New Hampshire has many lakes, the largest of which is island-dotted
Lake Winnipesaukee, a favorite tourist spot in the central part
of the state. Other bodies of water include Newfound, Ossipee, Squam, Sunapee, and Winnisquam lakes.
Prevailing W and NW winds are largely responsible for
New
Hampshire’s continental climate. These winds bring cold,
dry air during the winter and pleasantly cool, dry air in the summer.
Easterly and NE winds cause the more significant rainstorms and
snowstorms. Average monthly temperatures vary according to season and
elevation. Concord, in the New England Upland, has an average July
temperature of about 21° C (about 70° F) and a
mean January temperature of about –6° C (about
21° F); atop Mt. Washington the average July temperature
is about 10° C (about 50° F) and the mean January temperature
about –14° C (about 6° F). On April 12,
1934, winds of 372 km/hr (231 mph), one of the highest wind
velocities ever measured, were recorded on the summit of Mt.
Washington.
The recorded temperature in the state has ranged from –43.3° C
(–46° F), in 1925 at Pittsburg in the N, to 41.1° C
(106° F), in 1911 at Nashua in the S. New Hampshire each
year gets about 1070 mm (about 42 in) of precipitation, including more
than 2540 mm (more than 100 in) of snow in parts of the N.
| NEW HAMPSHIRE AVERAGE CLIMATE |
| |
Concord |
| Average January temperature range |
–12.2° to –0.6° C |
10° to 31° F |
| Average July temperature range |
13.9° to 28.3° C |
57° to 83° F |
| Average annual temperature |
7.8° C |
46° F |
| Average annual precipitation |
914 mm |
36 in |
| Average annual snowfall |
1626 mm |
64 in |
| Mean number of days per year with appreciable precipitation |
125 |
| Average daily relative humidity |
70% |
| Mean number of clear days per year |
92 |
About 83% of New Hampshire’s land area is
forested. White pine, hemlock, oak, white birch, and maple are common
in the Connecticut R. valley and in the E central and S central
parts of the state. Spruce and balsam fir, along with maple, yellow
birch, white birch, and white ash, cover the N portions of the state
and other higher elevations, mostly in the S and W. Sugar maple,
valuable for its syrup, creates colorful autumn hues that are vital
to the tourist industry’s fall income. Flowers such as goldenrod,
purple lilac, violet, lady’s-slipper, rhododendron, daisy, and wild
iris are found at lower elevations, and alpine flowers
grow on the mountains.
At lower elevations white-tailed deer, beaver, muskrat,
chipmunk,
fox, rabbit, raccoon, porcupine, skunk, woodchuck, and squirrel
are common. Black and brown bear inhabit the mountains, and on rare
occasions a moose is spotted. Among New Hampshire’s many
birds are the warbler, thrush, purple finch, sparrow, woodpecker,
crow, barn owl, robin, and blue jay. Game birds include ruffed grouse,
pheasant, woodcock, and wild turkey. Common snakes include the garter
snake, milk snake, blacksnake, and water snake. Of all the freshwater
game fish of New Hampshire waters, trout ranks as the most popular.
At least one of four species (rainbow, brook, lake, brown) can by
found in nearly every lake, pond, or river. Other widespread fish
include
pickerel, suckers, catfish, eel, landlocked salmon, yellow perch, and
smallmouth bass. Lobster and shrimp live in coastal marine waters.
New Hampshire is not rich in minerals. Its more important mineral
resources include granite, sand and gravel, gemstones, and mica.
According to the 2000 census, New Hampshire had 1,235,786
inhabitants, an increase of 11.4% over 1990. In 2000 the
average population density was 137.8 people per sq mi of land area.
Most of the population was concentrated in the SE part of the state.
Whites made up 96.0% of the population and blacks 0.7%;
additional population groups included 2964 American Indians and
15,931 Asians. (These figures do not include the 1.1% of
the population who reported more than one race.) A total of 20,489
persons were of Hispanic background. The state’s urban
centers were relatively small; the biggest cities were Manchester;
Nashua; Concord, the capital; Derry; and Rochester.
According to the 1990 census, Roman Catholics formed the largest
single religious group (41.3%), followed by Methodists
(11.3%), Baptists (9.2%), Episcopalians (2.2%), and Presbyterians (2%). In 1990 about 51% of New
Hampshire’s residents lived in areas defined as urban, and the rest lived in rural area.
| POPULATION OF NEW HAMPSHIRE SINCE 1790 |
| Year of Census |
Population |
Classified As Urban |
| 1790 |
142,000 |
3% |
| 1820 |
244,000 |
3% |
| 1850 |
318,000 |
17% |
| 1880 |
347,000 |
30% |
| 1900 |
412,000 |
47% |
| 1920 |
443,000 |
57% |
| 1940 |
492,000 |
58% |
| 1960 |
607,000 |
58% |
| 1980 |
921,000 |
52% |
| 1990 |
1,109,252 |
51% |
| 2000 |
1,235,786 |
-- |
| POPULATION OF TEN LARGEST CITIES IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE |
| |
2000 Census |
1990 Census |
| Manchester |
107,006 |
99,567 |
| Nashua |
86,605 |
79,662 |
| Concord |
40,687 |
36,006 |
| Derry |
34,021 |
29,603 |
| Rochester |
28,461 |
26,630 |
| Salem |
28,112 |
26,746 |
| Dover |
26,884 |
25,042 |
| Merrimack |
25,119 |
22,156 |
| Londonderry |
23,236 |
10,114 |
| Hudson |
22,928 |
19,530 |
New Hampshire has a comprehensive educational system, several
interesting cultural institutions, and a wide variety of outdoor
recreation opportunities.
Although an act in 1647 provided that towns with 100 or more
families should maintain a grammar school, not until 1708 was the
first free public school founded and not until 1830 was the first
public high school opened in New Hampshire. A statewide educational
system was established in 1919. In the late 1980s New Hampshire
had 444 public elementary and secondary schools, with a combined
annual enrollment of about 124,400 elementary pupils and 47,300
secondary students. Noted private preparatory schools are Phillips
Exeter Academy (1781), in Exeter, and Saint Paul’s School,
in Concord. About 15,800 students attend private schools.
The oldest institution of higher education in New Hampshire
is Dartmouth College, founded in Hanover in 1769. In the late 1980s
New Hampshire had 29 institutions of higher education with a combined enrollment
of 58,600 students. Besides Dartmouth, notable schools included
the University of New Hampshire (1866), in Durham; Saint Anselm
College (1889) and New Hampshire College (1932), in Manchester;
Colby-Sawyer College (1837), in New London; McIntosh College (1896),
in Dover; and Franklin Pierce College (1962), in Rindge.
Several of New Hampshire’s foremost museums are in
Manchester and Concord. The Currier Gallery of Art, in Manchester, has
an outstanding
collection of American art, and the New Hampshire Historical Society
museum, in Concord, features exhibits of decorative and fine art and
historical memorabilia related to the state. In addition, the
Hood Museum, with collections of art and anthropological artifacts,
is in Hanover, and the Lamont art gallery is located in Exeter.
The Hopkins Center for the Creative and Performing Arts is in Hanover,
and the MacDowell Colony for artists is in Peterborough. One of
the first tax-supported free public libraries in the U.S. was
established
in Peterborough in 1833.
New Hampshire’s historical sites include Old Fort
Number 4, in Charlestown, a reconstruction of a mid-18th-century
fort; the Shaker Village (1792), in Canterbury; Strawbery Banke,
in Portsmouth, a restoration project with houses dating from 1695; and
the Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site, near Lebanon, which
encompasses the studio and home of the sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens.
Among the state’s other historical homes are the Daniel
Webster birthplace, near Franklin; the Franklin Pierce homestead,
near Hillsboro; and the Horace Greeley birthplace, in Amherst.
New Hampshire’s mountains, forests, lakes, and seashore provide
opportunities for a variety of recreational activities such as camping,
hiking, swimming, fishing, and boating. Horse racing and skiing
are also popular.
In the early 1990s New Hampshire had 29 AM and 37 FM
radio broadcasters and 7 television stations. The first radio station,
WLNH in Laconia,
was licensed in 1922. WMUR-TV in Manchester, New Hampshire’s
first commercial television station, began operations in 1954. The New
Hampshire Gazette, the state’s first newspaper
was originally published in 1756, in Portsmouth. In the early 1990s
New Hampshire had nine daily newspapers with a total daily circulation
of about 215,500. Influential newspapers included the Union
Leader of Manchester, the Telegraph of
Hudson, the Concord Monitor, Foster’s Daily Democrat of
Dover, and the Portsmouth Herald. A noted New Hampshire
journalist was William Loeb (1905–81), publisher of the Union
Leader.
New Hampshire is governed under a constitution adopted in
1784, as amended. An earlier constitution had been adopted in 1776.
Amendments to the constitution may be proposed by a three-fifths
majority of the state legislature or by a constitutional convention.
To become effective an amendment must have the approval of two-thirds
of the persons voting on the issue in a general election.
The chief executive of New Hampshire is a governor, who is
popularly elected to a term of two years and who may be reelected
any number of times. The president of the state Senate succeeds
the governor should the latter resign, die, or be removed from office.
The governor is assisted by an executive council, the five members
of which are popularly elected to 2-year terms. The state legislature elects
the secretary of state and treasurer; the adjutant general, attorney
general, commissioner of agriculture, and comptroller are appointed
by the governor with the consent of the executive council.
The bicameral New Hampshire General Court is made up of
a
senate and a house of representatives. The 24 members of the senate and
the 400 members of the house are popularly elected to 2-year
terms.
New Hampshire’s highest tribunal, the supreme court,
is made up of five justices. The major trial court is the superior
court, with 26 judges. Justices of both courts are appointed by
the governor with the consent of the executive council and serve
until the age of 70.
New Hampshire is divided into ten counties, each governed
by three county commissioners, a treasurer, county attorney, sheriff,
registrar of deeds, and registrar of probate. The state has 221
towns. Voters have much influence in town government by participating
in the annual town meeting.
New Hampshire elects two senators and two representatives
to the U.S. Congress. The state has four electoral votes in presidential
elections.
Republicans outnumber Democrats among registered voters in
New Hampshire, which has generally been a stronghold of the Republican
party in state and national elections. State law requires that presidential
primaries be held earlier in New Hampshire than in any other state
of the U.S.; because they are first, the state’s primaries
hold considerable influence in each party’s presidential nominating
process.
New Hampshire was principally a farming state until the
second
half of the 19th century, when manufacturing became the leading
sector of the economy. At that time textiles were the chief products,
but by the early 1990s industrial machinery, precision instruments, and
electronic equipment were the principal manufactures. Tourism and other
service industries also were important.
| NEW HAMPSHIRE STATE ECONOMY (early 1990s) |
| STATE BUDGET |
|
| General revenue |
$1.6 billion |
| General expenditure |
$1.7 billion |
| Accumulated debt |
$3.3 billion |
 |
| STATE AND LOCAL TAXES, PER CAPITA |
$1690 |
| PERSONAL INCOME, PER CAPITA |
$15,959 |
| POPULATION BELOW POVERTY LEVEL |
6.4% |
| ASSETS, INSURED COMMERCIAL BANKS (48) |
$10.4 billion |
|
| LABOR FORCE (CIVILIAN NONFARM) |
527,000 |
| Employed in wholesale and retail trade |
26% |
| Employed in services |
24% |
| Employed in manufacturing |
22% |
| Employed in government |
13% |
|
| MAJOR INDUSTRIES |
% CONTRIBUTED TO GSP* |
| Commercial, financial, and professional services |
55% |
| Manufacturing and construction |
29% |
| Government |
9% |
| Transportation, communications, and public utilities |
6% |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries |
1% |
| Mining |
less than 1% |
Gross State Product = total value of goods and services produced in a year.
Sources: U.S. government publications |
| PRINCIPAL PRODUCTS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE (early 1990s) |
| |
Quantity Produced |
Value |
| FARM PRODUCTS |
|
$134 million |
|
| CROPS |
|
$71 million |
| Hay |
144,000 metric tons |
$17 million |
| Apples |
22,000 metric tons |
$12 million |
|
| LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS |
|
$63 million |
| Milk |
135,000 metric tons |
$45 million |
| Cattle |
6100 metric tons |
$9 million |
| Eggs |
43 million |
$4 million |
|
| MINERALS |
|
$33 million |
| Sand, gravel |
5.4 million metric tons |
$20 million |
| Stone |
750,000 metric tons |
$13 million |
|
| FISHING |
5000 metric tons |
$10 million |
|
|
|
Annual Payroll |
| MANUFACTURING |
|
$2.8 billion |
| Industrial machinery and equipment |
|
$477 million |
| Instruments and related products |
|
$467 million |
| Electronic equipment |
|
$281 million |
| Rubber and plastics products |
|
$227 million |
| Printing and publishing |
|
$183 million |
| Fabricated metal products |
|
$152 million |
| Paper and allied products |
|
$144 million |
| Primary metals |
|
$111 million |
| Apparel and textile mill products |
|
$108 million |
|
| OTHER |
|
$8.6 billion |
| Services |
|
$2.3 billion |
| Government |
|
$1.9 billion |
| Retail trade |
|
$1.4 billion |
| Finance,insurance, and real estate |
|
$822 million |
| Wholesale trade |
|
$812 million |
| Construction |
|
$715 million |
| Transportation, communications, and public utilities |
|
$550 million |
| Sources: U.S. government publications |
New Hampshire has a small agricultural sector, made up of
about 2900 farms having an average size of 67 ha (166 acres). Most
farms are in the S half of the state. Nearly half of the annual
agricultural income derives from sales of livestock and livestock
products, crop sales generate the rest. The leading farm commodities
are dairy products, hay, chicken eggs, beef cattle, and apples.
Other products of New Hampshire farms include hogs, sheep, blueberries,
turkeys, and greenhouse produce.
About 83% of New Hampshire is covered with forest, and each year substantial amounts of lumber and pulp (for use in
making paper) are produced. Maple syrup also is produced, and large
numbers of fir trees are cut for use as Christmas trees. The state
has a relatively insignificant fishing industry, the annual catch
being valued at about $10 million. Lobster, shrimp, cod,
tuna, and pollock are major components of the catch.
New Hampshire has a small mining sector, the yearly production
of which is worth about $33 million. The leading minerals
are sand and gravel, stone, and gemstones. The state is famous for
its granite.
A pivotal sector of the New Hampshire economy is
manufacturing, which
accounts for about 28% of the annual gross state product
in New Hampshire. Approximately 114,000 persons are employed in
manufacturing, and the annual value added by manufacture exceeds $8
billion. The chief manufactures are industrial machinery, precision
instruments, electronic equipment, rubber and plastic goods, printed
materials, fabricated metal products, paper goods, primary metals, and
clothing and textiles. Manchester, Portsmouth, and Nashua are
leading manufacturing centers.
Tourism-related industries supply more than $3 billion
annually for the New Hampshire economy and provide jobs for over
84,000 people. New Hampshire’s mountainous terrain, its
numerous bodies of water, and its invigorating climate have combined
to make the region a major tourist attraction since the early 19th
century. The large White Mountain National Forest and Lake Winnipesaukee are
leading tourist areas, and numerous other lakes and the Connecticut
R. valley also attract vacationers. Many visitors go by car or cog
railway to the summit of Mt. Washington. New Hampshire maintains
about 75 state parks and recreation areas.
An excellent network of limited-access highways and other
roads covers most parts of New Hampshire (the extreme N being less
well served). Altogether, the state has some 23,875 km (some 14,835
mi) of roads, including 352 km (219 mi) of interstate highways.
The state’s first railroad, linking Nashua and Lowell,
Mass., was opened in 1838; today, most rail service is provided
by small freight carriers. There are 41 airports and 29 heliports;
the busiest air terminal is Manchester Airport.
About 48% of New Hampshire’s electricity
supply is generated in conventional thermal plants; the rest is
produced in hydroelectric facilities (14%) and the state’s
nuclear power plant (38%), at Seabrook. The state has an
installed electric generating capacity of some 2.6 million kw, and
annual output is about 10.8 billion kwh.
The first European to explore the New Hampshire region was
the English captain Martin Pring (1560–1626?), who anchored
in Piscataqua Harbor in 1603. Two years later the French explorer
Samuel de Champlain sailed along the coast and reached the Isles
of Shoals. In 1614 the English colonist and soldier John Smith visited
Piscataqua Harbor and some inland regions. In 1620 the region was
granted to the Council for New England, formerly the Plymouth Co.,
by James I, king of England. The council, in 1622, granted all the
land lying between the Merrimack and Kennebec rivers for 97 km (60
mi) inland to Sir Ferdinando Gorges and John Mason. The title of
the grant was the Province of Maine. In 1623 the town of Little
Harbor was established on the site of present-day Rye. On Nov. 7,
1629, the province was divided, and that part lying between the
Piscataqua and Merrimack rivers was given to Mason; the title of
the grant was New Hampshire.
Several trading stations were established within the grant,
the most important of which was Strawbery Banke, later Portsmouth.
The Council for New England was dissolved in 1635, and Mason was
confirmed in all his grants by the Crown and given an additional
40,500 ha (100,000 acres) west of the Kennebec R. In 1638 John Wheelwright
(1592?–1679), a clergyman banished from Massachusetts,
founded the settlement of Exeter. The Puritan Massachusetts Bay
Colony looked with disfavor on the settlements of the Royalists and churchmen in New Hampshire and laid claim to the territory.
In 1641 all the settlements were joined to the Massachusetts Bay
Colony except Exeter, which followed in 1643. Mason’s grandson,
Robert Mason (1635–88), became sole heir to the province
in 1655, and he applied to the Crown for restitution of the territory.
Legal difficulties delayed a decision until 1677, when it was ruled
that Massachusetts had usurped possession of the territory. In 1679
a decree declaring New Hampshire a royal province was issued. From
1686 to 1689 the province of New Hampshire was part of the Dominion
of New England, which was under the governorship of Sir Edmund Andros.
Attempts made by residents of New Hampshire to establish a
provincial authority met with failure, but in 1692 a royal government
was established. From 1699 to 1741, New Hampshire was governed by
the royal governor of Massachusetts. Boundary disputes between the
two colonies were frequent. The problem was finally resolved in
1741 when the southern and eastern boundaries of New Hampshire with
Massachusetts were permanently fixed. Boundary disputes with New
York, over the question of the possession of Vermont, continued
until 1764, however, when New York succeeded in fixing the western
border of New Hampshire at its present limits, the Connecticut River.
In 1776, New Hampshire became the first colony to adopt its
own constitution. During the American Revolution the majority of
its inhabitants were patriots. At Bennington, Vt., New Hampshire and Vermont troops inflicted a costly defeat on the British. On
June 21, 1788, New Hampshire became the ninth state by ratifying
the U.S. Constitution. With the exception of 1804, when the majority
of the people of the state voted for Thomas Jefferson, the Democratic-Republican
candidate for the presidency, New Hampshire was Federalist in national
politics until 1816. In the latter year the Democrats gained control
by capturing both state and national elections. The Democrats lost
power in 1855, when the Know-No-things, a third party, won the state’s
electoral votes.
During the years preceding the American Civil War, reform
movements advocating temperance and the abolition of slavery gained
strength in New Hampshire. After the Civil War, industry, especially
the textile industry, transportation, and communications expanded
rapidly.
During the latter half of the 19th century, large-scale immigration
of French-Canadians into the state altered the ethnic composition
of the population, which had been chiefly English and Scotch-Irish.
Many of these immigrants worked in the rapidly growing leather and
shoe industries. As cities and factories expanded, rural life became
less and less the norm. By the mid-1960s shoe manufacturing had
sharply declined and was being replaced by a major electronics industry.
State agencies actively sought to attract other new enterprises as
well, and in the 1970s manufacturing was the largest economic sector.
Tourism, which has played an increasingly important
role in
the state’s economy since the turn of the century, expanded
rapidly during the 1970’s and ’80s. The state
encouraged the growth of tourism by passing antipollution measures
during the same period. A long-standing controversy over energy and the
environment ended in 1990 with the licensing of the Seabrook
nuclear power plant.
Long famed for their fierce independence and unswerving
conservatism, New Hampshire voters have moved toward the center in
recent years. Democrat [fw..cl158800.a]Bill Clinton won the state in
both the 1992 and 1996 presidential elections, although Republican
[fw..bu212550.a]George W. Bush carried it in 2000. New Hampshire’s
first woman governor, Jeanne Shaheen (1947– ), a Democrat, was elected
in 1996 and reelected in 1998 and 2000. Another sign of political
change came in 1999 when New Hampshire, after prolonged resistance,
joined the other 49 states in approving a permanent holiday to honor
the civil rights leader [fw..ki034400.a]Martin Luther King, Jr. A
scandal involving allegations of misconduct by members of the state
supreme court culminated in July 2000 with the impeachment of Chief
Justice David A. Brock (1936?– ) by the house of representatives; he
was acquitted by the senate in October.
Instead of running for an unprecedented fourth term as
governor, Shaheen made an unsuccessful bid for a U.S. Senate seat in
2002; she lost to Representative John E. Sununu (1964– ), the son of
John H. Sununu (1939– ), who was governor of the state from 1983 to
1989. Craig Benson (1954– ), a Republican business executive who had
never before held public office, won the 2002 election to succeed
Shaheen.